success

blame me and call me irrational but really.. god? who is he? do you really believe he is alive. lets not think hypothetically here. lets be reasonable here and try to analyse this thing like a SENSIBLE human being.
are we really that naive to believe that there is one guy up there with 30 billion eyes to look upon each and everyone of us, that he listens to you prayers [ i was

gonna write 'your stupid prayers'- but i respect ya'll] every night, that he has nothing better do than listen to you moping and crying and screeching and apologies, that he watches over you every minute of every hour of every day and night? we all know someone who was abused or raped or died or goes to bed hungry. what does he say bout that? what does he say about those pastors and popes who molest young innocent children in his name? what do you think about that! that you gonna be fine one day, that the hobo you passed by today is gonna be fine tomorrow..? what does he say huh, about the pain and suffering going on around? do you really think he cares?…forgive me for thinking otherwise but god is an illusion. 

 
 listen to what one Don Williams say about god :
i don’t believe that heaven ways are only for those who congregate, id like to think of god as love, he knows who does and does not care, it

doesn’t mean there actually is god, what the analogue of god entails is the idealism of some illusions, some fantasies, some reason to believe[that actually is what we all want, a reason]

look around you, i mean look around you. what do you see,

probably the earth and all its contents. do you really really believe they appeared magically by a man sitting on whatever it was and commanded :let there be soil, and there was soil, or let there be light and abracadabra… there was light..? come on.
i believe in reason. i believe the light on earth comes from the sun which was formed by nuclear reactions of many protons or whatever it was. i believe the world came into being from a result of the big bang and many universal particles came together and formed earth. i believe the air i breathe comes from a daily cycle of the trees, springs and water.
i believe the black, white and red book you read every night was written by ordinary people who wanted to bring order in societies.

“i know Jesus loves me, i know he died for me and i know he is coming back for me, i know his blood purifies my soul and washes away my sins” come on, that guy comes from an adulterous relationship from Mary and some guy and how do you cover it up?- say some

magic made you pregnant…. how many of you did biology in high school, or better, how many of you broke that commandment..? do not do this, do not do that.. come on- get a life

This essay discusses how photographers direct the viewer’s attention to the focus of the image concentrating or focusing on the photographic techniques used in the producing of the quality photograph. Techniques or fundamentals such as, photographic composition, centre of interest, subject placement, simplicity, view point and camera angle, balance, shapes and lines, pattern, volume, lighting, texture, tone, contrast, framing, foreground, and background. This fundamental are used to highlight what matters in the photographs.

Photographic composition is the important fundamental used by the photographers to produce quality photograph that takes or direct the viewer’s to the image. This fundamental requires the photographer’s ability of the use of the camera, because the camera records the small isolated scene from the larger scene that the photographer has selected. The selective scene gives details that are important within the view point and ignore the rest, these choices or arrangements of the elements made by the photographer grasp the viewer’s attention to focus on the image, for example the picture taken in June 16, 1976, of Mbuyisa caring Hector Peterson is the example of the selective scene made by the photographer that grasp the viewers attention to the image, the is in picture in appendix A.

In each and every photograph there is the centre of interest or principal idea that the photographers use to attract the viewer in to focus of the image. The centre of interest is a one selective object in the picture arranged to attract the viewer’s attention. The centre/point of interest directs the viewer to focus on the particular scene in the picture or gives a primary idea of the image. More specifically the human figures in the image draw the attention, for example “when are people subordinated elements within the picture and they are looking in the direction other than at the camera, viewer’s attention is directed from the people to what they looking at” (http://photoinf.com/general/NAVY/photographic_composition_balance.htm). The viewer tends to look or focus on what the object is looking at, this is a creative choice by photographers to attract the viewer’s attention to the picture or image.

The important feature make by photographers to draw the viewer’s attention to the image is subject placement where the photographers make use of the centre of interest when placing the subject. 

This essay is based on the ethnographic account of life in post apartheid Johannesburg, the discussion is based under the three themes for doing anthropology in the city that is; gendered spaces, inscribed spaces, and transnational spaces.

The city Johannesburg is found in the Gauteng province the smallest province in the country which consists of a larger population. The city of Johannesburg has a diversity of people, with different languages, race, class, occupation, age, gender and religion. The city of Johannesburg is divided into areas; this essay is focusing on the area called Hillbrow. In Hilbrow are many different things found there such as place to let “accommodation” for scholars and for people who work and live in the in the city and families and consist of variety of shops, for example gun shops, super markets, motor spares, night clubs and so forth.
 
After the discovery of gold in the earlier 1886 and Johannesburg officially became a city 1928 and has attracted many people from across the continent also the citizens of the country. Johannesburg is (was) considered to be working a place, where by head of the families came and work and go back during holidays. Many people are attracted to Johannesburg because of gold, as generally known that gold generate income, so many families left their homes    and came work in the mines. This city has many different types of economic activities taking place, foreign exchange for example and many other businesses that generate income in the country. Hillbrow is part of Johannesburg that is known to be a home for most of South Africans, Angolan, Congolese, Nigerians, Zimbabweans, Zambians, mozambiqueans, and so forth.
  
There are many spaces found in many parts of this city spaces such as parks, museums, sports grounds, Shopping malls, churches and many more. These spaces can be discussed under different themes, such as gendered spaces, inscribed spaces and transnational spaces in the focused part of Johannesburg; known as Hillbrow. There are many gendered spaces found in Hillbrow, gendered spaces is defined “as the cultural interpretation of perceived physical, anatomical, or developmental between males and females” (Setha m. low and Denise Lawrence-Zuniga; 7). The article by Lucile Davie clearly defines Hillbrow as gendered space in 1980’s and the change occurred after South African got democracy;  the article reads that HILLBROW is being made more “feminine” – a place safe for women and children. At the moment it is a “masculine” place in that its parks are places where men play football and basketball, games that can be dangerous for young children (http://www.flickr.com/photos/camera_rwanda/72859288/).

Gendered spaces found in Hillbrow are spaces such as night clubs, Ambassador, Wild Wise, and Hillbrow inn for example, in this spaces  women, and a person under the age of 18 are not allowed, because in the culture of this business the targeted market is men, because is a spaces where stripers and prostitutes are found and also alcohol is sold, and generally the majority of people who drink alcohol are men, and putting emphasis into a question of why the majority of people who drink alcohol are men, is to discussing this issue in terms of culture, we find that in many cultures is not as not ‘good’ for a women to drink alcohol because a woman is responsible for domestic works in a home and caring for children so she suppose to spend most of her time looking after the family.

When walk by Pieterson Street and Pretoria Street is always crowded at night with male dominant gender, most going or coming from taverns, some coming back from work, some of them are hawkers selling illegal products such as “drugs” for example. These spaces can be regarded as gendered spaces in favour of male gender in terms of safety and women walking at night are in danger of rape as Hillbrow is notorious as a haven for criminal activities but not always, for example “between 1990 and 2001 a staggering 59, 000 crimes were recorded; including 640 murder, 7,521 assaults, 6775 robberies with fire arms, 7.689 other robberies, 3,523 high jacking and stolen vehicles, 18, 7171 other thefts as wellas 1,347 drug related crimes (www.jerusalemamovie.com)   . Hillbrow is full of anxiety and fear when walking by Kotze Street towards Shoprite supermarket because is full of Nigerians calling people and tell them to make business for example if you are woman passes there the business that they call you for is to become a prostitute, that’s why the majority of people walking there are male “Picture of Kotze Street in appendix B”.

“Inscribed spaces focus on how various scholars define the fundamental relationship between humans and the environments they occupy”. (setha M. Low and Denise Lawrence-zaniga; 13) And they attach meaning in the experience that they embedded in those spaces. Inscribed spaces found in Hillbrow in comparison with those in Carlton Centre. Inscribed spaces in Hillbrow such a Joubert park is regarded as a chilling spot, for example most of people has attach meaning in that spaces as for lovers after the experience that they have gone through but to some people such as homeless people this space has hold memories for them, because most homeless people they use the space as a place to sleep. While observing I met a man in Joubert park who is homeless and ask for R1 said to me he is dying of hunger and he was shaking because of cold, because in this park there is no shelter to make them feel warm they sleep in the park lawns, but most of male just go there only to play cheese (picture in appendix C) 

Looking at Carlton centre mall has a completely different meaning; Commissioner Street holds a meaning in terms of the history of Johannesburg. After the discovery of gold by George Harrison the commissioner decided to establish Johannesburg as a city and the street was named because the space was occupied by the commissioner (picture of Commissioner Street in appendix C).  Galaxy entertainment inside the Carlton centre mall holds different meanings that differs according to individuals, most people take their lovers to have fun together playing games (picture in appendix D). To other people they meet with friends chill and drink alcohol. This space some people use it when they are on a date, for example in Wimpy for dinner, but to others for shopping in the mall, for example they happen to meet people and make friends or happen to meet have feelings for each other.

Hillbrow is considered to be a transnational space; (setha M. Low and Denise Lawrence-zuniga; 25) reads that they use the term “transnational spaces to encompass global, transnational, and translocal spatial transformations produced by the economy of late capitalism, focusing on people on the move”. Most of Hillbrow residents are foreign people who came to South Africa to make a living by establishing businesses and create economic relationships, when walking all corners of Hillbrow are businesses that are owned by out-siders, businesses such as, cell phone shops, computer shops, and clothing shops.

Nigerians often specialises with illegal businesses that also generate income in the country. In a space such as the night club named Hillbrow inn, that I went to during my participant-observation, in this club  there are stripers, prostitutes and drug lords, the is a room where by you enter only when you want to buy drugs and before you enter the  club there is a big muscular guys who search you weather you have a harmful weapons or not and also bags are not allowed to enter the club and again you have to be searched before you enter the small room inside where they sell drugs, the drug lords are rich and have prestige and also driving expensive cars and they also create social relationships with their customers, while observing I heard a man talking to the body guard of the drug lord saying  that he need a discount and the body guard agreed to give him the discount.

The city of Johannesburg can be seen as a global space, this concept is explained as “the global economy and flow of capital local spaces, creating homogenised, detorriorialized spaces” (setha M. Low and Lawrence Denise-Zuniga; 25)for example when walking to Marshalltown the is a building named south Africa stock exchange in this building they deal with money matter. In Hilbrow there is trade taking place in all the Nigerian shops and Indian shops, from cell phones, computers and furniture. The economic activities taking place in this area is boosting the economy of the country regardless of weather it is illegal or legal and they contribute to the development of this country. Example of development, the construction of “rea vaya” bus stations (picture in appendix E)

The migration of people more specially people form Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Zambia they came to the country as illegal immigrants to make a living in Hillbrow because Hillbrw is considered as a market place because it designed as for accommodation and the majority of people are living there, walking via the street towards Shoprite there are Zimbabwean selling fruits and vegetables, sweets and cigarette, during my enchnographic research in Esselen street I met a guy selling cigarette and a zambuck wearing carvella I ordered a cigarette then after he gave the cigarette he asked me weather I do smoke weed and said actual he specialises with weed, cigarette and a zambuck is for police not to notice him or suspect him.

The above essay clearly illustrates the life in the city, and the gap between poor and rich that this life create, and also explain how people respond to the space they occupied. This essay also shows the features that make the city of Johannesburg the world class city features such economic activities that contribute to the development of the country.

Tenagers in rural areas, fall pregnant and drop out from school they don’t think for they future, most of them have unprotected sex saying that when they fall pregnant is the only way of keeping a man, because the man will be left with no choice but to marry her, as in rural areas they still live under their traditional norms and moral that they inheritated them from they forefathers. Their norms and moral makes them not to fit in the mordern society the that we are living in, which state that without education theirz no better future for all.

The strike started on monday after the “fees increase” for the year 2010. The students appeal to this increase saying that is too much, more special for students studying   with loans because their are going to pay more when finish their studies.